Look at change from the person’s usual self
Changes in mood matter alongside sleep, energy, activity, thinking and everyday functioning. A single behaviour, such as spending money or staying up late, does not establish bipolar disorder. Describe what changed, how long it lasted and what else was happening rather than trying to diagnose from an isolated incident.
NIMH distinguishes manic, hypomanic and depressive episodes. Some episodes include features of both elevated and depressed mood. Symptoms and diagnosis are related, but they are not interchangeable.
Explore the main episode guides
The mania guide explains why a marked change can require urgent assessment. Hypomania looks at changes that may initially feel positive. The bipolar depression guide focuses on getting the history and support needs across to a professional.
Keep observations useful
Record concrete examples without assigning motives. Instead of writing that someone was being difficult, note that they slept much less than usual, started several projects and missed an important appointment. Include the person’s own description where possible. A short record can support a consultation; it should not become surveillance or a reason to argue about a label.
Do not wait for a checklist to be complete
Immediate danger requires local emergency help. Suspected mania, psychosis, severe depression or a rapid deterioration warrants prompt professional assessment. A person does not have to match every symptom on a website before seeking help.
See urgent support or use the early-warning-signs guide to prepare a discussion with an existing care team.